Signal phase rotation

ABSTRACT

This disclosure provides methods, devices, and systems for a wireless communication device to perform signal phase rotation. In some implementations, the wireless communication device may determine a number of phase rotation parameters to be applied to a number of tones of a transmission signal. In some aspects, each of the phase rotation parameters indicates a phase rotation to be applied to each of the tones according to a carrier index range for each of the tones and a bandwidth mode for the transmission signal. In some implementations, the wireless communication device may apply the phase rotation parameters to respective ones of the tones according to the specified phase rotations and the carrier index ranges, and transmit the transmission signal from the wireless communication device according to the applied phase rotation parameters.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This patent application claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/793,372, entitled “PHASE ROTATION FOR LEGACY PREAMBLEIN EHT” and filed on Jan. 16, 2019, which is assigned to the assigneehereof. The disclosures of all prior applications are considered part ofand are incorporated by reference in this patent application.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and morespecifically, to defining phase rotation parameters.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED TECHNOLOGY

A wireless local area network (WLAN) may be formed by one or more accesspoints (APs) that provide a shared wireless communication medium for useby a number of client devices also referred to as stations (STAs). Thebasic building block of a WLAN conforming to the Institute of Electricaland Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards is a BasicService Set (BSS), which is managed by an AP. Each BSS is identified bya Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) that is advertised by the AP. AnAP periodically broadcasts beacon frames to enable any STAs withinwireless range of the AP to establish or maintain a communication linkwith the WLAN.

An orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) time domain signalis a weighted sum of complex signals in all tones. By applying specificphase rotations to particular tones of a time-domain signal, atransmitting device may reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) ofthe time domain signal, which may enable the transmitting device to uselower power backoff values for its power amplifiers, or may reducesignal distortion caused by its power amplifiers. As the frequencybandwidth upon which wireless communication devices transmit databecomes wider and more non-contiguous, conventional phase rotationschemes may no longer be adequate.

SUMMARY

The systems, methods and devices of this disclosure each have severalinnovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for thedesirable attributes disclosed herein.

One innovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosurecan be implemented in a method for wireless communication. Oneinnovative aspect of the subject matter described in this disclosure canbe implemented in a method for wireless communication. The method may beperformed by a wireless communication device, and may includedetermining, for each tone of a plurality of tones of a signal fortransmission, a phase rotation based on a carrier index range for acorresponding tone of the plurality of tones and a bandwidth mode fortransmission of the signal, applying the determined phase rotations torespective tones of the plurality of tones, and transmitting the signalbased on the phase rotations applied to the plurality of tones of thesignal. In some implementations, the phase rotations may be determinedwithout considering preamble puncturing for the transmitted signal. Insome other implementations, the phase rotations may be determinedwithout considering front end bandwidths used to transmit the signal.The bandwidth mode may be one of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or80+80 MHz, and the method may also include applying a selectedmultiplier value of a plurality of multiplier values to each tone of theplurality of tones that falls within the carrier index range, where eachtone of the plurality of tones that falls within the carrier index rangeis pre-extremely high throughput (pre-EHT) modulated.

Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in thisdisclosure can be implemented in a wireless communication device. Thewireless communication device may include at least one modem, at leastone processor communicatively coupled with the at least one modem, andat least one memory communicatively coupled with the at least oneprocessor and storing processor-readable code. The processor-readablecode, when executed by the at least one processor in conjunction withthe at least one modem, may be configured to determine, for each tone ofa plurality of tones of a signal for transmission, a phase rotationbased on a carrier index range associated with the respective tone and abandwidth mode for transmission of the signal, apply the determinedphase rotations to the respective tones of the plurality of tones, andtransmit the signal based on the phase rotations applied to theplurality of tones of the signal. In some implementations, the phaserotations may be determined without considering preamble puncturing forthe transmitted signal. In some other implementations, the phaserotations may be determined without considering front end bandwidthsused to transmit the signal. The bandwidth mode may be one of 20 MHz, 40MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 80+80 MHz, and the method may also includeapplying a selected multiplier value of a plurality of multiplier valuesto each tone of the plurality of tones that falls within the carrierindex range, where each tone of the plurality of tones that falls withinthe carrier index range is pre-EHT modulated.

Another innovative aspect of the subject matter described in thisdisclosure can be implemented in a mobile station. The mobile stationmay include at least one modem, at least one processor communicativelycoupled with the at least one modem, at least one memory communicativelycoupled with the at least one processor and storing processor-readablecode, at least one transceiver coupled to the at least one modem, atleast one antenna coupled to the at least one transceiver to wirelesslytransmit signals output from the at least one transceiver and towirelessly receive signals for input into the at least one transceiver,and a housing that encompasses the at least one modem, the at least oneprocessor, the at least one memory, the at least one transceiver, and atleast a portion of the at least one antenna. In some implementations,the processor-readable code, when executed by the at least one processorin conjunction with the at least one modem, may be configured todetermine, for each tone of a plurality of tones of a signal fortransmission, a phase rotation based on a carrier index range associatedwith the respective tone and a bandwidth mode for transmission of thesignal, to apply the determined phase rotations to the respective tonesof the plurality of tones, and to transmit the signal based on the phaserotations applied to the plurality of tones of the signal. In someimplementations, the phase rotations may be determined withoutconsidering preamble puncturing for the transmitted signal. In someother implementations, the phase rotations may be determined withoutconsidering front end bandwidths used to transmit the signal. Thebandwidth mode may be one of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 80+80MHz, and the method may also include applying a selected multipliervalue of a plurality of multiplier values to each tone of the pluralityof tones that falls within the carrier index range, where each tone ofthe plurality of tones that falls within the carrier index range ispre-EHT modulated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter describedin this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and thedescription below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will becomeapparent from the description, the drawings and the claims. Note thatthe relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn toscale.

FIG. 1 shows a pictorial diagram of an example wireless communicationnetwork.

FIG. 2A shows an example protocol data unit (PDU) usable for wirelesscommunication between an access point (AP) and a number of stations(STAs).

FIG. 2B shows an example physical-layer (PHY) protocol data units (PPDU)usable for wireless communication between an AP and a number of STAs.

FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an example wireless communicationdevice.

FIG. 4A shows a block diagram of an example access point (AP).

FIG. 4B shows a block diagram of an example station (STA).

FIG. 5 shows an example channel bandwidth allocation map.

FIG. 6 shows a flowchart illustrating an example process for wirelesscommunication that supports application of phase rotations to one ormore tones of signals for transmission according to someimplementations.

FIG. 7 shows a flowchart illustrating an example process for wirelesscommunication that supports application of phase rotations to one ormore tones of signals for transmission according to someimplementations.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of an example wireless communication deviceaccording to some implementations.

FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of an example wireless communication deviceaccording to some implementations.

Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicatelike elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is directed to some particular implementationsfor the purposes of describing innovative aspects of this disclosure.However, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readilyrecognize that the teachings herein can be applied in a multitude ofdifferent ways. The described implementations can be implemented in anydevice, system or network that is capable of transmitting and receivingradio frequency (RF) signals according to one or more of the Instituteof Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards, theIEEE 802.15 standards, the Bluetooth® standards as defined by theBluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), or the Long Term Evolution(LTE), 3G, 4G or 5G (New Radio (NR)) standards promulgated by the 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP), among others. The describedimplementations can be implemented in any device, system or network thatis capable of transmitting and receiving RF signals according to one ormore of the following technologies or techniques: code division multipleaccess (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency divisionmultiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA(SC-FDMA), single-user (SU) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) andmulti-user (MU) MIMO. The described implementations also can beimplemented using other wireless communication protocols or RF signalssuitable for use in one or more of a wireless personal area network(WPAN), a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless wide areanetwork (WWAN), or an internet of things (IOT) network.

Various implementations relate generally to determining phase rotationparameters for wireless transmissions. Some implementations morespecifically relate to defining phase rotation values to be applied toparticular fields (or symbols) of non-legacy physical-layer (PHY)protocol data units (PPDUs). The non-legacy PPDUs may be extremely highthroughput (EHT) PPDUs, for example, as specified in the IEEE 802.11beamendment to the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. The EHT PPDUs mayinclude pre-EHT modulated fields (or symbols) and EHT modulated fields(or symbols). In some implementations, the phase rotation values may bedefined to apply to the pre-EHT modulated fields (or symbols) of the EHTPPDUs. In some implementations, phase rotation values may be defined foreach of a multitude of different frequency bandwidths, and may beseparately defined for contiguous frequency bandwidths andnon-contiguous frequency bandwidths. In some aspects, the phase rotationvalues defined herein may be compatible with phase rotation valuesdefined in one or more pre-EHT versions of the IEEE 802.11 family ofstandards. As used herein, the term “pre-EHT” refers to featuresspecified in IEEE 802.11 amendments prior to the IEEE 802.11be amendmentto the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. It will be understood, however,that the systems, methods and devices of this disclosure may similarlyapply to communications governed by any future amendments to the IEEE802.11 family of standards.

Legacy (or “pre-EHT”) wireless devices, such as HE devices, may bewireless devices that are compatible with pre-EHT versions of oramendments to the IEEE 802.11 family of standards (such as the IEEE802.11ac/n/ax standards). Pre-EHT wireless devices may have front endbandwidths of 80 MHz. When a wireless communication device operates in anoncontiguous 80+80 MHz bandwidth mode, signals for transmission may begenerated by two different transmit chains each having a bandwidth of 80MHz (and each coupled to a different PA). In some implementations, eachof the two different transmit chains may use phase rotation parametersconfigured to reduce the PAPR of the respective transmit chainirrespective of the phase rotation parameters used by the other transmitchain.

Emerging IEEE standards may support wider front end bandwidths, such as160 MHz. When a wireless communication device operates in anoncontiguous 160+160 MHz bandwidth mode, signals for transmission maybe generated by two different transmit chains each having a bandwidth of160 MHz (and each coupled to a different PA). In some implementations,each of the two different transmit chains may use phase rotationparameters configured to reduce the PAPR of the respective transmitchain irrespective of the phase rotation parameters used by the othertransmit chain.

Emerging IEEE standards may also support even wider bandwidth modes,such as a contiguous 240 MHz bandwidth mode, a contiguous 320 MHzbandwidth mode, a noncontiguous 160+160 MHz bandwidth mode, or anoncontiguous 80+80+80+80 (or “4×80”) MHz bandwidth mode. The phaserotation values may be defined for pre-EHT preambles in each of aplurality of different contiguous bandwidth modes including 240 MHz or320 MHz, or in each of a plurality of different non-contiguous bandwidthmodes including 160+160 MHz or 80+80+80+80 MHz. When a wirelesscommunication device operates in a contiguous 320 MHz bandwidth mode,signals for transmission may be generated by two different transmitchains each having a bandwidth of 160 MHz (and each coupled to adifferent PA). In some implementations, each of the two differenttransmit chains may use phase rotation parameters configured to reducethe PAPR of the respective transmit chain irrespective of the phaserotation parameters used by the other transmit chain.

Particular implementations of the subject matter described in thisdisclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the followingpotential advantages. In some implementations, phase rotation values maybe used to minimize the PAPR of time-domain signals for preambles or forRF front ends used for communications defined by one or more versions ofor amendments to the IEEE 802.11 family of standards.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an example wireless communicationnetwork 100. According to some aspects, the wireless communicationnetwork 100 can be an example of a wireless local area network (WLAN)such as a Wi-Fi network (and will hereinafter be referred to as WLAN100). For example, the WLAN 100 can be a network implementing at leastone of the IEEE 802.11 family of standards (such as that defined by theIEEE 802.11-2016 specification or amendments thereof). The WLAN 100 mayinclude numerous wireless communication devices such as an access point(AP) 102 and multiple stations (STAs) 104. Each of the STAs 104 also maybe referred to as a mobile station (MS), a mobile device, a mobilehandset, a wireless handset, an access terminal (AT), a user equipment(UE), a subscriber station (SS), or a subscriber unit, among otherpossibilities. The STAs 104 may represent various devices such as mobilephones, personal digital assistant (PDAs), other handheld devices,netbooks, notebook computers, tablet computers, laptops, display devices(for example, TVs, computer monitors, navigation systems, among others),music or other audio or stereo devices, remote control devices(“remotes”), printers, kitchen or other household appliances, key fobs(for example, for passive keyless entry and start (PKES) systems), amongother possibilities.

A single AP 102 and an associated set of STAs 104 may be referred to asa basic service set (BSS), which is managed by the respective AP 102.The BSS is identified by a service set identifier (SSID) that isadvertised by the AP 102. The AP 102 periodically broadcasts beaconframes (“beacons”) to enable any STAs 104 within wireless range of theAP 102 to establish or maintain a respective communication link 106(hereinafter also referred to as a “Wi-Fi link”) with the AP 102. Forexample, the beacons can include an identification of a primary channelused by the respective AP 102 as well as a timing synchronizationfunction for establishing or maintaining timing synchronization with theAP 102. The various STAs 104 in the WLAN are able to communicate withexternal networks as well as with one another via the AP 102 andrespective communication links 106. To establish a Wi-Fi link 106 withan AP 102, each of the STAs 104 is configured to perform passive oractive scanning operations (“scans”) on frequency channels in one ormore frequency bands (for example, the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz or 60 GHzbands). To perform passive scanning, a STA 104 listens for beacons,which are transmitted by respective APs 102 at a periodic time intervalreferred to as the target beacon transmission time (TBTT) (measured intime units (TUs) where one TU is equal to 1024 microseconds (s)). Toperform active scanning, a STA 104 generates and sequentially transmitsprobe requests on each channel to be scanned and listens for proberesponses from APs 102. Each STA 104 may be configured to identify orselect an AP 102 with which to associate based on the scanninginformation obtained through the passive or active scans, and to performauthentication and association operations to establish a Wi-Fi link 106with the selected AP 102.

FIG. 1 additionally shows an example coverage area 108 of the AP 102,which may represent a basic service area (BSA) of the WLAN 100. Whileonly one AP 102 is shown, the WLAN network 100 can include multiple APs102. As a result of the increasing ubiquity of wireless networks, a STA104 may have the opportunity to select one of many B9 within range ofthe STA or select among multiple APs 102 that together form an extendedservice set (ESS) including multiple connected B9. An extended networkstation associated with the WLAN 100 may be connected to a wired orwireless distribution system that may enable multiple APs 102 to beconnected in such an ESS. As such, a STA 104 can be covered by more thanone AP 102 and can associate with different APs 102 at different timesfor different transmissions. Additionally, after association with an AP102, a STA 104 also may be configured to periodically scan itssurroundings to find a more suitable AP 102 with which to associate. Forexample, a STA 104 that is moving relative to its associated AP 102 mayperform a “roaming” scan to find another AP 102 having more desirablenetwork characteristics such as a greater received signal strengthindicator (RSSI) or a reduced traffic load.

In some cases, STAs 104 may form networks without APs 102 or otherequipment other than the STAs 104 themselves. One example of such anetwork is an ad hoc network (or wireless ad hoc network). Ad hocnetworks may alternatively be referred to as mesh networks orpeer-to-peer (P2P) connections. In some cases, ad hoc networks may beimplemented within a larger wireless network such as the WLAN 100. Insuch implementations, while the STAs 104 may be capable of communicatingwith each other through the AP 102 using communication links 106, STAs104 also can communicate directly with each other via direct wirelesslinks 110. Additionally, two STAs 104 may communicate via a directcommunication link 110 regardless of whether both STAs 104 areassociated with and served by the same AP 102. In such an ad hoc system,one or more of the STAs 104 may assume the role filled by the AP 102 ina BSS. Such a STA 104 may be referred to as a group owner (GO) and maycoordinate transmissions within the ad hoc network. Examples of directwireless links 110 include Wi-Fi Direct connections, connectionsestablished by using a Wi-Fi Tunneled Direct Link Setup (TDLS) link, andother P2P group connections.

Some APs and STAs support beamforming. Beamforming refers to thefocusing of the energy of a transmission in the direction of a targetreceiver. Beamforming may be used both in a single user context, forexample, to improve a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), as well as in amulti-user (MU) context, for example, to enable MU multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) transmissions. To perform beamforming, atransmitter, referred to as the beamformer, transmits a signal frommultiple antenna elements of an antenna array. The beamformer configuresthe phase shifts between the signals transmitted from the differentantenna elements such that the signals add constructively alongparticular directions towards the intended receivers, which are referredto as beamformees. The manner in which the beamformer configures thephase shifts depends on channel state information associated with thewireless channels over which the beamformer intends to communicate withthe beamformees. To obtain the channel state information, the beamformermay perform a channel sounding procedure with the beamformees. Forexample, the beamformer may transmit one or more sounding packets to thebeamformees. The beamformees may then perform measurements of thechannel based on the sounding packets and subsequently provide feedbackto the beamformer based on the measurements, for example, in the form ofa feedback matrix. The beamformer may then generate a steering matrixfor each of the beamformees based on the feedback and use the steeringmatrix to configure the phase shifts for subsequent transmissions to thebeamformees.

The APs 102 and STAs 104 may function and communicate (via therespective Wi-Fi links 106) according to the IEEE 802.11 family ofstandards (such as that defined by the IEEE 802.11-2016 specification oramendments thereof including, but not limited to, 802.11ay, 802.11ax,802.11az, 802.11be. These standards define the WLAN radio and basebandprotocols for the PHY and medium access control (MAC) layers. The APs102 and STAs 104 transmit and receive wireless communications(hereinafter also referred to as “Wi-Fi communications”) to and from oneanother in the form of physical layer (PHY) protocol data units (PPDUs).The APs 102 and STAs 104 in the WLAN 100 may transmit PPDUs over anunlicensed spectrum, which may be a portion of spectrum that includesfrequency bands traditionally used by Wi-Fi technology, such as the 2.4GHz band, the 5 GHz band, the 60 GHz band, the 3.6 GHz band, and the 900MHz band. Some implementations of the APs 102 and STAs 104 describedherein also may communicate in other frequency bands, such as the 6 GHzband, which may support both licensed and unlicensed communications. TheAPs 102 and STAs 104 also can be configured to communicate over otherfrequency bands such as shared licensed frequency bands, where multipleoperators may have a license to operate in the same or overlappingfrequency band or bands.

Each of the frequency bands may include multiple sub-bands or frequencychannels. For example, PPDUs conforming to the IEEE 802.11n, 802.11acand 802.11ax standard amendments may be transmitted over the 2.4 and 5GHz bands, each of which is divided into multiple 20 MHz channels. Assuch, these PPDUs are transmitted over a physical channel having aminimum bandwidth of 20 MHz. But larger channels can be formed throughchannel bonding. For example, PPDUs conforming to the IEEE 802.11n,802.11ac and 802.11ax standard amendments may be transmitted overphysical channels having bandwidths of 40 MHz, 80 MHz or 160 MHz bybonding together two or more 20 MHz channels.

Each PPDU is a composite structure that includes a PHY preamble and aphysical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) service data unit (PSDU). Theinformation provided in the preamble may be used by a receiving deviceto decode the subsequent data in the PSDU. A legacy (or “pre-EHT”)portion of the preamble may include a number of pre-EHT modulated fields(or symbols), such as a legacy short training field (STF) (L-STF), alegacy long training field (LTF) (L-LTF), and a legacy signaling field(L-SIG). The pre-EHT preamble may be used for packet detection,automatic gain control, and channel estimation, among other uses. Thepre-EHT preamble also may be used to maintain compatibility with legacy(or “pre-EHT”) devices. In instances in which PPDUs are transmitted overa bonded channel, the L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG fields may be duplicatedand transmitted in each of the multiple component channels. For example,in IEEE 802.11n, 802.11ac, or 802.11ax implementations, the L-STF,L-LTF, and L-SIG fields may be duplicated and transmitted in each of thecomponent 20 MHz channels. The format of, coding of, and informationprovided in the non-legacy (or “EHT”) portion of the preamble is basedon the particular IEEE 802.11 protocol.

APs 102 and STAs 104 can support multi-user (MU) transmissions; that is,concurrent transmissions from one device to each of multiple devices(for example, multiple simultaneous downlink (DL) communications from anAP 102 to corresponding STAs 104), or concurrent transmissions frommultiple devices to a single device (for example, multiple simultaneousuplink (UP) transmissions from corresponding STAs 104 to an AP 102). Tosupport the MU transmissions, the APs 102 and STAs 104 may utilizemulti-user orthogonal frequency division multiple access (MU-OFDMA) andmulti-user multiple-input, multiple-output (MU-MIMO) techniques.

In MU-OFDMA schemes, the available frequency spectrum of the wirelesschannel may be divided into multiple resource units (RUs) each includinga number of different frequency subcarriers (“tones”). Different RUs maybe allocated or assigned by an AP 102 to different STAs 104 atparticular times. The sizes and distributions of the RUs may be referredto as an RU allocation. RUs may be allocated in 2 MHz intervals, and assuch, the smallest RU includes 26 tones consisting of 24 data tones and2 pilot tones. As such, in a 20 MHz channel, up to 9 RUs (such as 2 MHz,26-tone RUs) may be allocated (because some tones are reserved for otherpurposes). Similarly, in a 160 MHz channel, up to 74 RUs may beallocated. Therefore, it may be possible to schedule as many as 74 STAs104 for MU-OFDMA transmissions. Larger 52 tone, 106 tone, 242 tone, 484tone and 996 tone RUs may also be allocated. Adjacent RUs may beseparated by a null subcarrier (such as a DC subcarrier), for example,to reduce interference between adjacent RUs, to reduce receiver DCoffset, and to avoid transmit center frequency leakage.

For UL MU transmissions, an AP 102 can transmit a trigger frame toinitiate and synchronize an UL MU-OFDMA or UL MU-MIMO transmission frommultiple STAs 104 to the AP 102. Such trigger frames may thus enablemultiple STAs 104 to send UL traffic to the AP 102 concurrently in time.A trigger frame may address one or more STAs 104 through respectiveassociation identifiers (AIDs), and may assign each AID one or more RUsthat can be used to send UL traffic to the AP 102. The AP also maydesignate one or more random access (RA) RUs that unscheduled STAs 104may contend for.

FIG. 2A shows an example PDU 200 usable for wireless communicationbetween an AP and a number of STAs. The PDU 200 may be used for MU-OFDMAor MU-MIMO transmissions. The PDU 200 includes a PHY preamble includinga first portion 202 and a second portion 204. The PDU 200 may furtherinclude a PHY payload 206 after the preamble, for example, in the formof a PSDU including a DATA field 224. The DATA field 224 may include anumber of DATA fields (or symbols). The first portion 202 of thepreamble includes a legacy short training field (STF) (L-STF) 208, alegacy long training field (LTF) (L-LTF) 210, and a legacy signalingfield (L-SIG) 212. The HE-STF 220, HE-LTFs 222, and the DATA field 224may be formatted as a High Efficiency (HE) WLAN preamble and frame,respectively, in accordance with the IEEE 802.11ax amendment to the IEEE802.11 wireless communication protocol standard. The second portion 204includes a repeated legacy signal field (RL-SIG) 214, a first HE signalfield (HE-SIG-A) 216, a second HE signal field (HE-SIG-B) 218 encodedseparately from HE-SIG-A 216, an HE short training field (HE-STF) 220,and a number of HE long training fields (or symbols) (HE-LTFs) 222. Likethe L-STF 208, L-LTF 210, and L-SIG 212, the information in RL-SIG 214and HE-SIG-A 216 may be duplicated and transmitted in each of thecomponent 20 MHz channels in instances involving the use of a bondedchannel. In contrast, HE-SIG-B 218 may be unique to each 20 MHz channeland may target specific STAs 104. In some implementations, the PDU 200may not include HE-SIG-B 218, as indicated by the dashed lines. Forexample, if the PDU 200 is an HE MU PPDU, the PDU 200 may includeHE-SIG-B 218, and if the PDU 200 is not an HE MU PPDU, the PDU 200 maynot include HE-SIG-B 218.

The PDU 200 includes a number of pre-HE modulated fields (or symbols)230, such as L-STF 208, L-LTF 210, L-SIG 212, RL-SIG 214, HE-SIG-A 216,and HE-SIG-B 218. The PDU 200 also includes a number of HE modulatedfields (or symbols) 240, such as HE-STF 220, HE-LTFs 222, and DATA field224. In some implementations, phase rotations may be defined for (andapplied to) each of L-STF 208, L-LTF 210, L-SIG 212, RL-SIG 214,HE-SIG-A 216, and HE-SIG-B 218 of the preamble of the PDU 200, forexample, because they are each a pre-HE modulated field. In someaspects, the same phase rotation may be applied to each of L-STF 208,L-LTF 210, L-SIG 212, RL-SIG 214, HE-SIG-A 216, and HE-SIG-B 218.

RL-SIG 214 may indicate to HE-compatible STAs 104 that the PDU 200 is anHE PPDU. An AP 102 may use HE-SIG-A 216 to identify and inform multipleSTAs 104 that the AP has scheduled UL or DL resources for them. HE-SIG-A216 may be decoded by each HE-compatible STA 104 served by the AP 102.HE-SIG-A 216 includes information usable by each identified STA 104 todecode an associated HE-SIG-B 218. For example, HE-SIG-A 216 mayindicate the frame format, including locations and lengths of HE-SIG-Bs218, available channel bandwidths, modulation and coding schemes (MCSs),among other possibilities. HE-SIG-A 216 also may include HE WLANsignaling information usable by STAs 104 other than the number ofidentified STAs 104.

HE-SIG-B 218 may carry STA-specific scheduling information such as, forexample, per-user MCS values and per-user RU allocation information. Inthe context of DL MU-OFDMA, such information enables the respective STAs104 to identify and decode corresponding RUs in the associated datafield. Each HE-SIG-B 218 includes a common field and at least oneSTA-specific (“user-specific”) field. The common field can indicate RUdistributions to multiple STAs 104, indicate the RU assignments in thefrequency domain, indicate which RUs are allocated for MU-MIMOtransmissions and which RUs correspond to MU-OFDMA transmissions, andthe number of users in allocations, among other possibilities. Thecommon field may be encoded with common bits, CRC bits, and tail bits.The user-specific fields are assigned to particular STAs 104 and may beused to schedule specific RUs and to indicate the scheduling to otherWLAN devices. Each user-specific field may include multiple user blockfields (which may be followed by padding). Each user block field mayinclude two user fields that contain information for two respective STAsto decode their respective RU payloads in DATA field 224.

FIG. 2B shows an example PPDU 250 usable for wireless communicationbetween an AP and a number of STAs according to some implementations.The PPDU 250 may be used for SU, MU-OFDMA, or MU-MIMO transmissions. ThePPDU 250 includes a PHY preamble including a first portion 252 and asecond portion 254. The PPDU 250 may further include a PHY payload 256after the preamble, for example, in the form of a PSDU including a DATAfield 276. The first portion 252 of the preamble includes a legacy shorttraining field (STF) (L-STF) 258, a legacy long training field (LTF)(L-LTF) 260, and a legacy signaling field (L-SIG) 262. The EHT-STF 272,the EHT-LTFs 274, and the DATA field 276 may be formatted as an ExtremeHigh Throughput (EHT) WLAN preamble and frame, respectively, inaccordance with the IEEE 802.11be amendment to the IEEE 802.11 wirelesscommunication protocol standard, or may be formatted as a preamble andframe, respectively, conforming to any later (post-EHT) version of a newwireless communication protocol conforming to a future IEEE 802.11wireless communication protocol standard or other wireless communicationstandard.

The second portion 254 of the preamble includes a repeated legacy signalfield (RL-SIG) 264 and multiple wireless communication protocolversion-dependent signal fields after RL-SIG 264. For example, thesecond portion 254 may include a universal signal field 266 (referred toherein as “U-SIG 266”) and an EHT signal field 268 (referred to hereinas “EHT-SIG 268”). One or both of U-SIG 266 and EHT-SIG 268 may bestructured as, and carry version-dependent information for, otherwireless communication protocol versions beyond EHT. In someimplementations, the PPDU 250 may not include EHT-SIG 268, as indicatedby the dashed lines. For example, if the PPDU 250 is of a first PPDUtype, the PPDU 250 may include EHT-SIG 268, and if the PPDU 250 is of asecond PPDU type, the PPDU 250 may not include EHT-SIG 268. The secondportion 254 further includes an additional short training field 272(referred to herein as “EHT-STF 272,” although it may be structured as,and carry version-dependent information for, other wirelesscommunication protocol versions beyond EHT) and a number of additionallong training fields 274 (referred to herein as “EHT-LTFs 274,” althoughthey may be structured as, and carry version-dependent information for,other wireless communication protocol versions beyond EHT). Like L-STF258, L-LTF 260, and L-SIG 262, the information in U-SIG 266 and EHT-SIG268 may be duplicated and transmitted in each of the component 20 MHzchannels in instances involving the use of a bonded channel. In someimplementations, EHT-SIG 268 may additionally or alternatively carryinformation in one or more non-primary 20 MHz channels that is differentthan the information carried in the primary 20 MHz channel.

As described above, by applying specific phase rotations to particulartones, such as for pre-EHT modulated fields (or symbols), a transmittingdevice may reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of time domainsignals to be transmitted on a wireless medium. The PPDU 250 includes anumber of pre-EHT modulated fields (or symbols) 270, such as L-STF 258,L-LTF 260, L-SIG 262, RL-SIG 264, U-SIG 266, and EHT-SIG 268. The PPDU250 also includes a number of EHT-modulated fields (or symbols) 280,such as EHT-STF 272, EHT-LTFs 274, and DATA field 276. Thus, in someimplementations, phase rotations may be defined for (and applied to)each of L-STF 258, L-LTF 260, L-SIG 262, RL-SIG 264, U-SIG 266, andEHT-SIG 268 of the PPDU 250, for example, because they are each apre-EHT modulated field.

EHT-SIG 268 may include one or more jointly encoded symbols and may beencoded in a different block from the block in which U-SIG 266 isencoded. EHT-SIG 268 may be used by an AP to identify and informmultiple STAs 104 that the AP has scheduled UL or DL resources. EHT-SIG268 may be decoded by each compatible STA 104 served by the AP 102.EHT-SIG 268 may generally be used by a receiving device to interpretbits in one or more other fields, such as DATA field 276. For example,EHT-SIG 268 may indicate the resource allocation of DATA fields includedin DATA field 276 in the various component channels, available channelbandwidths, and modulation and coding schemes (MCSs), among otherpossibilities. EHT-SIG 268 may further include a cyclic redundancy check(CRC) (for example, four bits) and a tail (for example, 6 bits) that maybe used for binary convolutional code (BCC). In some implementations,EHT-SIG 268 may include a number of code blocks that each include a CRCand a tail. In some aspects, each of the number of code blocks may beencoded separately.

EHT-SIG 268 may carry STA-specific scheduling information such as, forexample, per-user MCS values and per-user RU allocation information.EHT-SIG 268 may generally be used by a receiving device to interpretbits in the DATA field 276. In the context of DL MU-OFDMA, suchinformation enables the respective STAs 104 to identify and decodecorresponding RUs in the associated DATA field 276. Each EHT-SIG 268 mayinclude a common field and at least one STA-specific (“user-specific”)field. The common field can indicate RU distributions to multiple STAs104, indicate the RU assignments in the frequency domain, indicate whichRUs are allocated for MU-MIMO transmissions and which RUs correspond toMU-OFDMA transmissions, and the number of users in allocations, amongother possibilities. The common field may be encoded with common bits,CRC bits, and tail bits. The user-specific fields are assigned toparticular STAs 104 and may be used to schedule specific RUs and toindicate the scheduling to other WLAN devices. Each user-specific fieldmay include multiple user block fields (which may be followed bypadding). Each user block field may include, for example, two userfields that contain information for two respective STAs to decode theirrespective RU payloads.

U-SIG 266, and RL-SIG 264 if present, may indicate to EHT- or laterversion-compliant STAs 104 that the PPDU 250 is an EHT PPDU or a PPDUconforming to any later (post-EHT) version of a new wirelesscommunication protocol conforming to a future IEEE 802.11 wirelesscommunication protocol standard or other standard. For example, U-SIG266 may be used by a receiving device to interpret bits in one or moreof EHT-SIG 268 or the DATA field 276. In some implementations, U-SIG 266may include a reserved bit that indicates whether the PPDU 250 is, forexample, compliant with EHT or a later version of the IEEE 802.11 familyof wireless communication protocol standards or other standards. In someimplementations, U-SIG 266 includes a version field that includes atleast one bit indicating the particular wireless communication protocolversion to which the PPDU 250 conforms.

In the IEEE 802.11be amendment to the IEEE 802.11 family of standards(or in future amendments), new fields may be used to carry signalinginformation. For example, the new fields and signaling information maybe included in U-SIG 266. Additionally, new fields and signalinginformation may be included in EHT-SIG 268. If additional trainingsignals are sent on other tones prior to U-SIG (such as additionaltraining signals in L-SIG and RL-SIG in 11ax), then each symbol in U-SIGmay carry more usable data for feature signaling rather than trainingsignals. In some implementations, U-SIG 266 includes two symbols, whichmay be jointly encoded together in a single block, and which may eachcarry twenty-six usable data (or “information”) bits. For example, thebits in U-SIG 266 may include signaling regarding types or formats ofadditional signal fields (such as the EHT-SIG 268) that follows theU-SIG 266. EHT-SIG 268 may have a clear symbol boundary. In someimplementations, a fixed MCS may be used for EHT-SIG 268. In someimplementations, the MCS and DCM for EHT-SIG 268 may be indicated inU-SIG 266.

FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an example wireless communication device300. In some implementations, the wireless communication device 300 canbe an example of a device for use in a STA such as one of the STAs 104described above with reference to FIG. 1. In some implementations, thewireless communication device 300 can be an example of a device for usein an AP such as the AP 102 described above with reference to FIG. 1.The wireless communication device 300 is capable of transmitting (oroutputting for transmission) and receiving wireless communications (forexample, in the form of wireless packets). For example, the wirelesscommunication device can be configured to transmit and receive packetsin the form of physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol dataunits (PPDUs) and medium access control (MAC) protocol data units(MPDUs) conforming to an IEEE 802.11 standard, such as that defined bythe IEEE 802.11-2016 specification or amendments thereof including, butnot limited to, 802.11ah, 802.11ad, 802.11ay, 802.11ax, 802.11az,802.11ba, and 802.11be.

The wireless communication device 300 can be, or can include, a chip,system on chip (SoC), chipset, package, or device that includes one ormore modems 302, for example, a Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11 compliant) modem. Insome implementations, the one or more modems 302 (collectively “themodem 302”) additionally include a WWAN modem (for example, a 3GPP 4GLTE or 5G compliant modem). In some implementations, the wirelesscommunication device 300 also includes one or more radios 304(collectively “the radio 304”). In some implementations, the wirelesscommunication device 306 further includes one or more processors,processing blocks or processing elements 306 (collectively “theprocessor 306”), and one or more memory blocks or elements 308(collectively “the memory 308”).

The modem 302 can include an intelligent hardware block or device suchas, for example, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) amongother possibilities. The modem 302 is generally configured to implementa PHY layer. For example, the modem 302 is configured to modulatepackets and to output the modulated packets to the radio 304 fortransmission over the wireless medium. The modem 302 is similarlyconfigured to obtain modulated packets received by the radio 304 and todemodulate the packets to provide demodulated packets. In addition to amodulator and a demodulator, the modem 302 may further include digitalsignal processing (DSP) circuitry, automatic gain control (AGC), acoder, a decoder, a multiplexer, and a demultiplexer. For example, whilein a transmission mode, data obtained from the processor 306 is providedto a coder, which encodes the data to provide encoded bits. The encodedbits are then mapped to points in a modulation constellation (using aselected MCS) to provide modulated symbols. The modulated symbols maythen be mapped to a number N_(SS) of spatial streams or a number N_(STS)of space-time streams. The modulated symbols in the respective spatialor space-time streams may then be multiplexed, transformed via aninverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block, and subsequently providedto the DSP circuitry for Tx windowing and filtering. The digital signalsmay then be provided to a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Theresultant analog signals may then be provided to a frequencyupconverter, and ultimately, the radio 304. In implementations involvingbeamforming, the modulated symbols in the respective spatial streams areprecoded via a steering matrix prior to their provision to the IFFTblock.

While in a reception mode, digital signals received from the radio 304are provided to the DSP circuitry, which is configured to acquire areceived signal, for example, by detecting the presence of the signaland estimating the initial timing and frequency offsets. The DSPcircuitry is further configured to digitally condition the digitalsignals, for example, using channel (narrowband) filtering, analogimpairment conditioning (such as correcting for I/Q imbalance), andapplying digital gain to ultimately obtain a narrowband signal. Theoutput of the DSP circuitry may then be fed to the AGC, which isconfigured to use information extracted from the digital signals, forexample, in one or more received training fields, to determine anappropriate gain. The output of the DSP circuitry also is coupled withthe demodulator, which is configured to extract modulated symbols fromthe signal and, for example, compute the logarithm likelihood ratios(LLRs) for each bit position of each subcarrier in each spatial stream.The demodulator is coupled with the decoder, which may be configured toprocess the LLRs to provide decoded bits. The decoded bits from all ofthe spatial streams are then fed to the demultiplexer fordemultiplexing. The demultiplexed bits may then be descrambled andprovided to the MAC layer (the processor 306) for processing,evaluation, or interpretation.

The radio 304 generally includes at least one radio frequency (RF)transmitter (or “transmitter chain”) and at least one RF receiver (or“receiver chain”), which may be combined into one or more transceivers.For example, the RF transmitters and receivers may include various DSPcircuitry including at least one power amplifier (PA) and at least onelow-noise amplifier (LNA), respectively. The RF transmitters andreceivers may in turn be coupled to one or more antennas. For example,in some implementations, the wireless communication device 300 caninclude, or be coupled with, multiple transmit antennas (each with acorresponding transmit chain) and multiple receive antennas (each with acorresponding receive chain). The symbols output from the modem 302 areprovided to the radio 304, which then transmits the symbols via thecoupled antennas. Similarly, symbols received via the antennas areobtained by the radio 304, which then provides the symbols to the modem302.

The processor 306 can include an intelligent hardware block or devicesuch as, for example, a processing core, a processing block, a centralprocessing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digitalsignal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD) such as a field programmablegate array (FPGA), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardwarecomponents, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functionsdescribed herein. The processor 306 processes information receivedthrough the radio 304 and the modem 302, and processes information to beoutput through the modem 302 and the radio 304 for transmission throughthe wireless medium. For example, the processor 306 may implement acontrol plane and MAC layer configured to perform various operationsrelated to the generation and transmission of MPDUs, frames, or packets.The MAC layer is configured to perform or facilitate the coding anddecoding of frames, spatial multiplexing, space-time block coding(STBC), beamforming, and OFDMA resource allocation, among otheroperations or techniques. In some implementations, the processor 306 maygenerally control the modem 302 to cause the modem to perform variousoperations described above.

The memory 304 can include tangible storage media such as random-accessmemory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM), or combinations thereof. Thememory 304 also can store non-transitory processor- orcomputer-executable software (SW) code containing instructions that,when executed by the processor 306, cause the processor to performvarious operations described herein for wireless communication,including the generation, transmission, reception, and interpretation ofMPDUs, frames or packets. For example, various functions of componentsdisclosed herein, or various blocks or steps of a method, operation,process, or algorithm disclosed herein, can be implemented as one ormore modules of one or more computer programs.

FIG. 4A shows a block diagram of an example AP 402. For example, the AP402 can be an example implementation of the AP 102 described withreference to FIG. 1. The AP 402 includes a wireless communication device(WCD) 410. For example, the wireless communication device 410 may be anexample implementation of the wireless communication device 300described with reference to FIG. 3. The AP 402 also includes multipleantennas 420 coupled with the wireless communication device 410 totransmit and receive wireless communications. In some implementations,the AP 402 additionally includes an application processor 430 coupledwith the wireless communication device 410, and a memory 440 coupledwith the application processor 430. The AP 402 further includes at leastone external network interface 450 that enables the AP 402 tocommunicate with a core network or backhaul network to gain access toexternal networks including the Internet. For example, the externalnetwork interface 450 may include one or both of a wired (for example,Ethernet) network interface and a wireless network interface (such as aWWAN interface). Ones of the aforementioned components can communicatewith other ones of the components directly or indirectly, over at leastone bus. The AP 402 further includes a housing that encompasses thewireless communication device 410, the application processor 430, thememory 440, and at least portions of the antennas 420 and externalnetwork interface 450.

FIG. 4B shows a block diagram of an example STA 404. For example, theSTA 404 can be an example implementation of the STA 104 described withreference to FIG. 1. The STA 404 includes a wireless communicationdevice 415. For example, the wireless communication device 415 may be anexample implementation of the wireless communication device 300described with reference to FIG. 3. The STA 404 also includes one ormore antennas 425 coupled with the wireless communication device 415 totransmit and receive wireless communications. The STA 404 additionallyincludes an application processor 435 coupled with the wirelesscommunication device 415, and a memory 445 coupled with the applicationprocessor 435. In some implementations, the STA 404 further includes auser interface (UI) 455 (such as a touchscreen or keypad) and a display465, which may be integrated with the UI 455 to form a touchscreendisplay. In some implementations, the STA 404 may further include one ormore sensors 475 such as, for example, one or more inertial sensors,accelerometers, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, or altitudesensors. Ones of the aforementioned components can communicate withother ones of the components directly or indirectly, over at least onebus. The STA 404 further includes a housing that encompasses thewireless communication device 415, the application processor 435, thememory 445, and at least portions of the antennas 425, UI 455, anddisplay 465.

As described above, a wireless medium may be divided into a primarychannel and one or more secondary channels. The primary and secondarychannels may be of various bandwidths, and may occupy contiguous ornon-contiguous portions of an available frequency spectrum. Largerchannels can be formed through channel bonding. For example, the HEdevices operating in accordance with IEEE 802.11ax may transmit PPDUsover physical channels having bandwidths of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHzby bonding together two or more 20 MHz channels.

FIG. 5 shows an example channel bandwidth allocation map 500 of awireless medium. The channel bandwidth allocation map 500, which mayconform to the IEEE 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ax standard amendments,is shown to include four possible channel bandwidth allocations 510,520, 530, and 540. The first example channel bandwidth allocation 510divides a 40 MHz frequency spectrum into a primary 20 MHz channel 511and a secondary 20 MHz channel 512. The second example channel bandwidthallocation 520 divides an 80 MHz frequency spectrum into a primary 20MHz channel 521, a secondary 20 MHz channel 522 (which together form aprimary 40 MHz channel), and a secondary 40 MHz channel 523. The thirdexample channel bandwidth allocation 530 divides an 80+80 MHz frequencyspectrum into a primary 20 MHz channel 531, a secondary 20 MHz channel532 (which together form a primary 40 MHz channel), a secondary 40 MHzchannel 533, and a secondary 80 MHz channel 534. The fourth examplechannel bandwidth allocation 540 divides a 160 MHz frequency spectruminto a primary 20 MHz channel 541, a secondary 20 MHz channel 542 (whichtogether form a primary 40 MHz channel), a secondary 40 MHz channel 543,and a secondary 80 MHz channel 544.

As described above, by applying specific phase rotations to particulartones of a pre-EHT preamble, a transmitting device may reduce thepeak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of time domain signals to betransmitted on a wireless medium. Reducing the PAPR of the time domainsignals may enable the power backoff provided to the power amplifier(PA) to be lowered, or may reduce signal distortion associated with thePA for a given power backoff. For pre-EHT communications (for example,HT, VHT, or HE communications defined in the IEEE 802.11n, 802.11ac and802.11ax amendments), phase rotation parameters are defined to reducethe PAPR of time domain signals for a contiguous 160 MHz bandwidth modeor a noncontiguous 80+80 MHz bandwidth mode. When operating in anoncontiguous 80+80 MHz bandwidth mode, pre-EHT wireless devices havinga front end bandwidth of 80 MHz may use two 80 MHz transmit chains forUL transmissions. Each transmit chain may include its own PA, and mayapply phase rotation parameters configured to reduce the PAPR for therespective transmit chain, irrespective of the phase rotation parametersapplied by the other transmit chain.

Emerging versions of the IEEE 802.11 standards, including the 802.11beamendment, may support wider front end bandwidths (such as 160 MHz) andmay support wider bandwidth modes (such as a contiguous 240 MHz mode, acontiguous 320 MHz mode, a noncontiguous 160+160 MHz mode, and anoncontiguous 80+80+80+80 (or “4×80”) MHz mode). When operating in anoncontiguous 160+160 MHz bandwidth mode, wireless devices having afront end bandwidth of 160 MHz may use two 160 MHz transmit chains forUL transmissions. Each transmit chain may include its own PA, and mayapply phase rotation parameters configured to reduce the PAPR for therespective transmit chain, irrespective of the phase rotation parametersapplied by the other transmit chain.

Various implementations relate generally to defining phase rotationparameters. Some implementations more specifically relate to definingphase rotation parameters for PPDU preambles for EHT communications(such as pre-EHT PPDU preambles defined in the IEEE 802.11be amendmentto the IEEE 802.11 family of standards) or communications according tolater amendments to the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. In someimplementations, the phase rotation parameters may be defined forcontiguous bandwidth modes including 240 MHz or 320 MHz, or fornon-contiguous bandwidth modes including 160+160 MHz or 80+80+80+80 MHz.In some implementations, the phase rotation parameters may be definedfor front end bandwidths of 160 MHz.

The subcarrier indices for a 80 MHz bandwidth can range from −128 to+127 for a total of 256 tones. To reduce PAPR for time domain signals ina contiguous 80 MHz PPDU transmission, the applied phase rotations maybe defined as

$\gamma_{k,80} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 64}} \\{{- 1},} & {k > {- 64}}\end{matrix},} \right.$where

represents the phase rotation, k represents the carrier index, and 80represents the PPDU bandwidth (in MHz). That is, for subcarriers lessthan −64 (for example, the 1^(st) 20 MHz sub-band lowest in frequency),the phase rotation may be 1, or, no rotation. For the remainingsubcarriers (that are greater than or equal to −64, for example, the2^(nd), 3^(rd) and 4^(th) 20 MHz sub-bands), the phase rotation may be−1 (flipped). A phase rotation of −1 may be equivalent to a phase shiftof 180 degrees in the frequency domain.

The subcarrier indices for a 160 MHz bandwidth can range from −256 to+255 for a total of 512 tones. To reduce PAPR for time domain signals ina contiguous 160 MHz PPDU transmission, the phase rotations may bedefined as

$\gamma_{k,{160}} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 192}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{1,} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- 1},} & {64 \leq k}\end{matrix},} \right.$where

represents the phase rotation, k represents the carrier index, and 160represents the PPDU bandwidth (in MHz). Thus, for subcarriers less than−192 (for example, the 1^(st) 20 MHz sub-band lowest in frequency), thephase rotation may be 1. For subcarriers greater than or equal to −192and less than zero (for example, the 2^(nd) 3^(rd) and 4^(th) 20 MHzsub-bands), the phase rotation may be −1. For subcarriers greater thanor equal to 0 and less than 64 (for example, the 5^(th) 20 MHzsub-band), the phase rotation may be 1. For subcarriers greater than orequal to 64 (for example, the 6^(th), 7^(th) and 8^(th) 20 MHzsub-bands), the phase rotation may be −1. It will be appreciated thatthe first 1/−1 pair of phase rotation definitions (subcarriers below 0)represents the first 80 MHz frequency segment and the second 1/−1 pairof phase rotation definitions (subcarriers greater than or equal to 0)represents the second 80 MHz frequency segment of the 160 MHz bandwidth.

To minimize the PAPR for time domain signals in a noncontiguous PPDUtransmission (such as an 80+80 MHz transmission), each 80 MHz frequencysegment may use the phase rotation for 80 MHz PPDU transmissions (

_(k,80)). Each of the lower 80 MHz segments (indices from −256 to −1)and the upper 80 MHz segments (indices from 0 to 255) may be defined ina manner similar to the phase rotation for 80 MHz PPDU transmissions (

_(k,80)). In this manner, phase rotation in a contiguous 160 MHz and anoncontiguous 80+80 MHz may be unified.

In some implementations, phase rotations may be defined for existingbandwidth modes in a manner similar to the phase rotations alreadydefined in pre-EHT standards, except for contiguous bandwidth modes(such as 160 MHz) for which an additional phase rotation (such asρ_(1,160)) may be applied to further reduce the PAPR. In some aspects, ρmay be a multiplier value applied to a weighted rotation on tones thatfall within the carrier index range (such as 0≤k<64). As such, a peakpower of the summation of the signal tones falling within the frequencybandwidth may be reduced, thereby reducing the PAPR for correspondingtime domain signals.

In some implementations, ρ may be predetermined. In some otherimplementations, a wireless device may select the value of ρ from one ormore ρ values. In some other implementations, a wireless device mayassign at least one of a number of ρ values to a number of otherwireless devices. For example, |ρ_(1,160)|=1 for an upper segment (suchas an upper 80 MHz) of the bandwidth, and the PAPR for time domainsignals in a contiguous 160 MHz PPDU transmission may be reduced byapplying the phase rotations defined as

$\gamma_{k,{160}} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 192}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{\rho_{1,160},} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- \rho_{1,160}},} & {k \geq 64}\end{matrix}.} \right.$

As described above, in addition to supporting existing bandwidth modes,emerging IEEE standards (including 802.11be) may support a number ofwider bandwidth modes. The wider bandwidth modes may include a number of“full” bandwidth modes, such as a contiguous 320 MHz bandwidth mode, anoncontiguous 160+160 MHz bandwidth mode, a noncontiguous 160+80+80 MHzbandwidth mode, and a noncontiguous 80+80+80+80 MHz bandwidth mode. Thewider bandwidth modes may also include a number of “partial” bandwidthmodes, such as a contiguous 240 MHz bandwidth mode, a noncontiguous160+80 MHz bandwidth mode, and a noncontiguous 80+80+80 MHz bandwidthmode.

In some implementations, phase rotation parameters may be definedaccording to a full bandwidth design (such as for 320 MHz). In someaspects, phase rotations may be defined according to the full bandwidthdesign regardless of various preamble puncturing scenarios. That is, insome aspects, regardless of where one or multiple subband(s) may bepunctured, the phase rotations may be defined according to the fullbandwidth design, such as by starting at the punctured subband(s).

In some other implementations, the phase rotation parameters may dependon a bandwidth of an RF front end device (such as 320 MHz, 160 MHz, 80MHz). In this way, the phase rotation parameters may be specified foreach of a number of RF front end bandwidths, thereby minimizing the PAPRfor the entire bandwidth. In some aspects, specifying phase rotationparameters for each of the number of RF front end bandwidths may reducepower amplifier (PA) distortion.

For example, a 80+80+80+80 MHz bandwidth mode may be multiplexed basedon signal transmissions from four different transmit chains. Each of thefour transmit chains may include its own power amplifier, and mayprovide 80 MHz of the total 320 MHz bandwidth. Thus, in someimplementations, the phase rotation parameters may be specified for thebandwidth supported by each transmit chain. Despite this phase rotationdesign flexibility, one or more of the RF front ends may have the sameor similar device parameters, and therefore the specified phase rotationparameters may be the same or similar for such devices.

In some other implementations, the phase rotation parameters may notdepend on the front end bandwidth of the wireless device. In someexamples, RF front end bandwidths may be different for differentchipsets. In such examples, it may be more beneficial to define thephase rotation parameters irrespective of any RF front end bandwidths.

In some implementations, the phase rotation parameters may be backwardscompatible with one or more pre-EHT standards, such with HE operationdefined by the IEEE 802.11ax amendment. In some aspects, each 80 MHz or160 MHz subband may follow a phase rotation design entirely according tothe phase rotation design for the existing bandwidth modes of 80 MHz or160 MHz, respectively. To reduce the PAPR for time domain signals in acontiguous 160 MHz PPDU transmission, the phase rotations may be definedas

$\gamma_{k,{160}} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 192}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{1,} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- 1},} & {64 \leq k}\end{matrix}.} \right.$

In some other implementations, each 80 MHz or 160 MHz subband may followa phase rotation design at least partially according to existingbandwidth modes, with additional design flexibility to further minimizethe PAPR. All or a portion of the entire 80 MHz or 160 MHz subband maybe subject to a further phase rotation, such as the application of aweighted rotation (ρ) on tones that fall within an assigned range ofcarrier indices (k). In some other aspects, the assigned range mayinclude an entire subband of the existing bandwidth modes, such as theentire 80 MHz or 160 MHz subband. To minimize the PAPR for time domainsignals in a contiguous 160 MHz PPDU transmission, the applied phaserotations may be defined as

$\gamma_{k,{160}} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 192}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{\rho_{1,160},} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- \rho_{1,160}},} & {k \geq 64}\end{matrix}.} \right.$

In some implementations, the phase rotation parameters may be unifiedfor all bandwidth modes, including 240 MHz or 320 MHz, for example. Insome other implementations, the phase rotation parameters may depend onindividual subbands, which may depend on a corresponding bandwidth mode.

In some implementations, for a full bandwidth mode (such as 320 MHz),phase rotation parameters may be repeated for each of a number ofbandwidth segments (such as four 80 MHz bandwidth segments) of the fullbandwidth. In some aspects, the phase rotation parameters may berepeated regardless of the frequency order of the segments. Thesubcarrier indices for a 320 MHz bandwidth range from −512 to +511 for atotal of 1024 tones, and to reduce the PAPR for time domain signals in acontiguous 320 MHz PPDU transmission, the applied phase rotations may bedefined as

$\gamma_{k,{320}} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 448}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 448} \leq k < {- 256}} \\{1,} & {{- 256} \leq k < {- 192}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{1,} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- 1},} & {64 \leq k < 256} \\{1,} & {256 \leq k < 320} \\{{- 1},} & {320 \leq k}\end{matrix},} \right.$where the first pair of parameters (the first-and-second lines)represents the first-of-four 80 MHz segments of the 320 MHz bandwidth,the second pair of parameters (the third-and-fourth lines, and so on)represents the second-of-four 80 MHz segments of the 320 MHz bandwidth,the third pair of parameters represents the third-of-four 80 MHzsegments of the 320 MHz bandwidth, and the fourth pair of parametersrepresents the fourth-of-four 80 MHz segments of the 320 MHz bandwidth.These implementations, which utilize a simple 1/−1 pattern for eachbandwidth segment pair, may allow for unified definition of phaserotation parameters in a new bandwidth mode (such as 320 MHz) withoutthe need for additional optimization (as in Option 2).

In some implementations, for noncontiguous bandwidth modes (such as160+80+80 MHz, 160+160 MHz, 80+80+80+80 MHz, 160+80 MHz, 80+80+80 MHz),each 80 MHz or 160 MHz frequency segment may be configured to use phaserotation parameters for 80 MHz or 160 MHz PPDU transmissions,respectively (such as those specified for existing bandwidth modes),regardless of subband order. That is, each 80 MHz subband (such as thelower 80 MHz in a 160 MHz subband, the upper 80 MHz in a 160 MHzsubband, or both) may follow a phase rotation parameters for an 80 MHzPPDU for existing bandwidth modes. In this way, contiguous andnoncontiguous bandwidth modes may be unified.

In some implementations, for a full bandwidth mode (such as 320 MHz), inaddition to repeating phase rotation parameters for each of a number ofbandwidth segments (as in Option 1), additional phase rotations may beapplied to each bandwidth segment (such as to each of four 80 MHzbandwidth segments). In some aspects, a further phase rotation (such asρ_(1,320); ρ_(2,320); ρ_(3,320)) may be applied to the tones to furtherminimize the PAPR. In some aspects, p may be a multiplier value appliedto a weighted rotation on tones that fall within the carrier index range(such as 0≤k<64). In this way, a peak power of the summation of thesignal tones falling within the frequency bandwidth may be reduced,thereby reducing the PAPR of the corresponding time domain signals.

In some implementations, to minimize the PAPR for time domain signals ina contiguous 320 MHz PPDU transmission, the applied phase rotations maybe defined as

$\gamma_{k,{320}} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 448}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 448} \leq k < {- 256}} \\{\rho_{1,320},} & {{- 256} \leq k < {- 192}} \\{{- \rho_{1,320}},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{\rho_{2,320},} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- \rho_{2,320}},} & {64 \leq k < 256} \\{\rho_{3,320},} & {256 \leq k < 320} \\{{- \rho_{3,320}},} & {320 \leq k}\end{matrix},} \right.$where ρ_(0,320)=1 (that is, no rotation), ρ_(1,320), ρ_(2,320), andρ_(3,320), where the value of |ρ_(1,320)|=|ρ_(2,320)|=|ρ_(3,320)|=1(that is, no power amplification or power reduction for such tones).

In some implementations, for noncontiguous bandwidth modes (such as160+80+80 MHz, 160+160 MHz, 80+80+80+80 MHz, 160+80 MHz, 80+80+80 MHz,among other bandwidth modes that utilize 320 MHz), regardless of subbandorder, each 80 MHz or 160 MHz frequency segment may be configured to usephase rotation parameters for 80 MHz or 160 MHz PPDU transmissions,respectively, such as those specified for existing bandwidth modes.

In some implementations, for a bandwidth mode that is narrower (such asa contiguous 240 MHz) than a full bandwidth mode (such as 320 MHz), thephase rotation parameters may be defined according to the phase rotationof the range of indices for the full bandwidth mode. As one havingordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the subcarrier indices for afull 320 MHz bandwidth range from −512 to +511. Thus, for a narrowerbandwidth mode (such as 240 MHz), the phase rotation parameters (such asγ_(k,240)) may be defined from −512 to +255 from 320 MHz (usingρ_(0,320)=1, ρ_(1,320), and ρ_(2,320)) or from −256 to +511 from 320 MHz(using ρ_(1,320), ρ_(2,320), and ρ_(3,320)).

In some implementations, phase rotation parameters may be defined toinclude a further phase rotation to a number of existing bandwidth modes(such as to an upper 80 MHz bandwidth segment in a 160 MHz subband). Insuch implementations, the phase rotation for new bandwidth modes (suchas a contiguous 320 MHz and a contiguous 240 MHz) may not be changed. Inthis way, PAPR may be further reduced for existing bandwidth modes.

In some implementations, a full bandwidth mode (such as 320 MHz) mayinclude an index value for each of a number of bandwidth segments of thefull bandwidth (such as assigning index values 0-3 to the four 80 MHzbandwidth segments of the 320 MHz bandwidth, respectively). In someaspects, each of the bandwidth segments may be subject to a differentfurther phase rotation, such as ρ_(0,320)=1, ρ_(1,320), ρ_(2,320), andρ_(3,320).

In some implementations, for noncontiguous bandwidth modes (such as160+80+80 MHz, 160+160 MHz, 80+80+80+80 MHz, among other bandwidth modesthat utilize 320 MHz), each bandwidth segment (such as each 80 MHz or160 MHz bandwidth segment) may use the phase rotation for thecorresponding global indices from the full bandwidth (such as 320 MHz).In some aspects, for example, an 80+160+80 MHz bandwidth segment mayapply additional phase rotation according to: ρ_(0,320)=1 for the lowest80 MHz subband; ρ_(1,320) and ρ_(2,320) for the middle 160 MHz subband;and ρ_(3,320) for the highest 80 MHz subband. In some aspects, asanother example, a 160+80+80 MHz bandwidth segment may apply additionalphase rotation according to: ρ_(0,320)=1 and ρ_(1,320) for the lowest160 MHz subband; ρ_(2,320) for the middle 80 MHz subband; and ρ_(3,320)for the highest 80 MHz subband.

In some implementations, for contiguous bandwidth modes (such as 240MHz), for noncontiguous bandwidth modes, or for both, the phase rotationparameters (such as γ_(k,240)) may be defined from −512 to +255 from 320MHz (using ρ_(0,320)=1, ρ_(1,320), and ρ_(2,320)) or from −256 to +511from 320 MHz (using ρ_(1,320), ρ_(2,320), and ρ_(3,320)). In someaspects, for example, an 80+80+80 MHz bandwidth segment may applyadditional phase rotation according to ρ_(0,320)=1, ρ_(1,320), andρ_(2,320) for three 80 MHz subband (from lowest to highest in frequency)or according to ρ_(1,320), ρ_(2,320), and ρ_(3,320) for three 80 MHzsubband (from lowest to highest in frequency). In some aspects, asanother example, a 160+80 MHz may apply additional phase rotationaccording to: ρ_(0,320)=1 and ρ_(1,320) for 160 MHz subband andρ_(2,320) for 80 MHz subband; or ρ_(1,320) and ρ_(2,320) for 160 MHzsubband and ρ_(3,320) for 80 MHz subband (from lowest to highest infrequency).

FIG. 6 shows a flowchart illustrating an example process 600 forwireless communication that supports application of phase rotations toone or more tones of signals for transmission according to someimplementations. The operations of process 600 may be implemented by aSTA or its components as described herein. For example, the process 600may be performed by a wireless communication device such as the wirelesscommunication device 400 described above with reference to FIG. 4. Insome implementations, the process 600 may be performed by a wirelesscommunication device operating as or within a STA, such as one of theSTAs 104 and 504 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5B,respectively.

In some implementations, in block 602, the wireless communication devicedetermines, for each tone of a plurality of tones of a signal fortransmission, a phase rotation based on a carrier index range associatedwith the respective tone and a bandwidth mode for transmission of thesignal. At block 604, the wireless communication device applies thedetermined phase rotations to the respective tones of the plurality oftones. At block 606, the wireless communication device transmits thesignal based on the application of the phase rotations to the pluralityof tones of the signal.

In some implementations, determining the phase rotation in block 602 maybe based on one or more front end bandwidths used to transmit thesignal. In some other implementations, the phase rotations may bedetermined without considering front end bandwidths used to transmit thesignal.

In some implementations, the bandwidth mode in block 602 is one of a 20megahertz (MHz) mode, a 40 MHz mode, an 80 MHz mode, a 160 MHz mode, oran 80+80 MHz mode. In some instances for which the bandwidth mode is a320 MHz mode, the phase rotations may be determined without consideringpreamble puncturing for the transmitted signal. In some instances forwhich the bandwidth mode is a 160 MHz mode, the phase rotations may bedetermined according to

$\gamma_{k,{160}} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 192}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{\rho_{1,160},} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- \rho_{1,160}},} & {k \geq 64}\end{matrix},} \right.$where k is a carrier index value and γ_(k,160) represents the k^(th)phase rotation of the phase rotations.

In some other instances for which the bandwidth mode is a contiguous 160MHz mode, the phase rotations may be determined according to

$\gamma_{k,{160}} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 192}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{1,} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- 1},} & {64 \leq k}\end{matrix},} \right.$where k is a carrier index value and γ_(k,160) represents the k^(th)phase rotation of the phase rotations.

FIG. 7 shows a flowchart illustrating an example process 700 forwireless communication that supports application of phase rotations toone or more tones of signals for transmission according to someimplementations. The operations of process 700 may be implemented by aSTA or its components as described herein. For example, the process 700may be performed by a wireless communication device such as the wirelesscommunication device 300 described above with reference to FIG. 3. Insome implementations, the process 700 may be performed by a wirelesscommunication device operating as or within a STA, such as one of theSTAs 104 and 404 described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 4B,respectively.

In some implementations, the process 700 begins after transmitting thesignal in block 606 of FIG. 6. For example, in block 702, the wirelesscommunication device applies a selected multiplier value of a pluralityof multiplier values to each tone of the plurality of tones that fallswithin the carrier index range, wherein each tone of the plurality oftones that falls within the carrier index range is pre-extremely highthroughput (pre-EHT) modulated.

In some implementations, the bandwidth mode in block 602 is one of a 20megahertz (MHz) mode, a 40 MHz mode, an 80 MHz mode, a 160 MHz mode, oran 80+80 MHz mode. In some instances for which the bandwidth mode is a320 MHz mode, the phase rotations may be determined according to

$\gamma_{k,{320}} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 448}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 448} \leq k < {- 256}} \\{1,} & {{- 256} \leq k < {- 192}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{1,} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- 1},} & {64 \leq k < 256} \\{1,} & {256 \leq k < 320} \\{{- 1},} & {320 \leq k}\end{matrix},} \right.$where ρ is a multiplier value to be applied to each tone of theplurality of tones that falls within the carrier index range, k is acarrier index value, and γ_(k,320) represents the k^(th) phase rotationof the phase rotations.

In some other instances for which the bandwidth mode is a 320 MHz mode,the phase rotations may be determined according to

$\gamma_{k,320} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 448}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 448} \leq k < {- 256}} \\{\rho_{1,320},} & {{- 256} \leq k < {- 192}} \\{{- \rho_{1,320}},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{\rho_{2,320},} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- \rho_{2,320}},} & {64 \leq k < 256} \\{\rho_{3,320},} & {256 \leq k < 320} \\{{- \rho_{3,320}},} & {320 \leq k}\end{matrix},} \right.$where ρ is a multiplier value to be applied to each tone of theplurality of tones that falls within the carrier index range, k is acarrier index value, and γ_(k,320) represents the k^(th) phase rotationof the phase rotations.

In some instances for which the bandwidth mode is a contiguous 160 MHzmode, the phase rotations may be determined according to

$\gamma_{k,160} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 192}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{\rho_{1,160},} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- \rho_{1,160}},} & {k \geq 64}\end{matrix},} \right.$where ρ is a multiplier value to be applied to each tone of theplurality of tones that falls within the carrier index range, k is acarrier index value, and γ_(k,160) represents the k^(th) phase rotationof the phase rotations.

FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of an example wireless communication device800 according to some implementations. In some implementations, thewireless communication device 800 is configured to perform one or moreof the processes 600 and 700 described above with reference to FIGS. 6and 7, respectively. The wireless communication device 800 may be anexample implementation of the wireless communication device 300described above with reference to FIG. 3. For example, the wirelesscommunication device 800 can be a chip, SoC, chipset, package or devicethat includes at least one processor and at least one modem (forexample, a Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) modem or a cellular modem). In someimplementations, the wireless communication device 800 can be a devicefor use in an AP, such as one of the APs 102 and 402 described abovewith reference to FIGS. 1 and 4A, respectively. In some otherimplementations, the wireless communication device 800 can be an AP thatincludes such a chip, SoC, chipset, package or device as well as atleast one transmitter, at least one receiver, and at least one antenna.

The wireless communication device 800 includes a module for determiningphase rotations 802, a module for applying the determined phaserotations to respective tones of a signal 804, and a module fortransmitting the signal 806. Portions of one or more of the modules 802,804, and 806 may be implemented at least in part in hardware orfirmware. For example, the module for transmitting the signal 806 may beimplemented at least in part by a modem (such as the modem 302). In someimplementations, at least some of the modules 802, 804, and 806 areimplemented at least in part as software stored in a memory (such as thememory 308). For example, portions of one or more of the modules 802,804, and 806 can be implemented as non-transitory instructions (or“code”) executable by a processor (such as the processor 306) to performthe functions or operations of the respective module.

The module for determining phase rotations 802 is configured todetermine, for each tone of a plurality of tones of a signal fortransmission, a phase rotation based on a carrier index range associatedwith the respective tone and a bandwidth mode for transmission of thesignal.

The module for applying the determined phase rotations 804 is configuredto apply the determined phase rotations to the respective tones of theplurality of tones.

The module for transmitting the signal 806 is configured to transmit thesignal based on the application of the phase rotations to the pluralityof tones of the signal.

FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of an example wireless communication device900 according to some implementations. In some implementations, thewireless communication device 900 is configured to perform one or moreof the processes 600 and 700 described above with reference to FIGS. 6and 7, respectively. The wireless communication device 900 may be anexample implementation of the wireless communication device 300described above with reference to FIG. 3. For example, the wirelesscommunication device 900 can be a chip, SoC, chipset, package or devicethat includes at least one processor and at least one modem (forexample, a Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) modem or a cellular modem). In someimplementations, the wireless communication device 900 can be a devicefor use in a STA, such as one of the STAs 104 and 404 described abovewith reference to FIGS. 1 and 4B, respectively. In some otherimplementations, the wireless communication device 900 can be a STA thatincludes such a chip, SoC, chipset, package or device as well as atleast one transmitter, at least one receiver, and at least one antenna.

The wireless communication device 900 includes a module for determiningphase rotations 902, a module for applying the determined phaserotations to respective tones of a signal 904, and a module fortransmitting the signal 906. Portions of one or more of the modules 902,904, and 906 may be implemented at least in part in hardware orfirmware. For example, the module for transmitting the signal 906 may beimplemented at least in part by a modem (such as the modem 302). In someimplementations, at least some of the modules 902, 904, and 906 areimplemented at least in part as software stored in a memory (such as thememory 308). For example, portions of one or more of the modules 902,904, and 906 can be implemented as non-transitory instructions (or“code”) executable by a processor (such as the processor 306) to performthe functions or operations of the respective module.

The module for determining phase rotations 902 is configured todetermine, for each tone of a plurality of tones of a signal fortransmission, a phase rotation based on a carrier index range associatedwith the respective tone and a bandwidth mode for transmission of thesignal.

The module for applying the determined phase rotations 904 is configuredto apply the determined phase rotations to the respective tones of theplurality of tones.

The module for transmitting the signal 906 is configured to transmit thesignal based on the application of the phase rotations to the pluralityof tones of the signal.

As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” or “one or moreof” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, includingsingle members. For example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intendedto cover the possibilities of: a only, b only, c only, a combination ofa and b, a combination of a and c, a combination of b and c, and acombination of a and b and c.

The various illustrative components, logic, logical blocks, modules,circuits, operations and algorithm processes described in connectionwith the implementations disclosed herein may be implemented aselectronic hardware, firmware, software, or combinations of hardware,firmware or software, including the structures disclosed in thisspecification and the structural equivalents thereof. Theinterchangeability of hardware, firmware and software has been describedgenerally, in terms of functionality, and illustrated in the variousillustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits and processesdescribed above. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware,firmware or software depends upon the particular application and designconstraints imposed on the overall system.

Various modifications to the implementations described in thisdisclosure may be readily apparent to persons having ordinary skill inthe art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied toother implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of thisdisclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to theimplementations shown herein, but are to be accorded the widest scopeconsistent with this disclosure, the principles and the novel featuresdisclosed herein.

Additionally, various features that are described in this specificationin the context of separate implementations also can be implemented incombination in a single implementation. Conversely, various featuresthat are described in the context of a single implementation also can beimplemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitablesubcombination. As such, although features may be described above asacting in particular combinations, and even initially claimed as such,one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases beexcised from the combination, and the claimed combination may bedirected to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.

Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particularorder, this should not be understood as requiring that such operationsbe performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, orthat all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirableresults. Further, the drawings may schematically depict one or moreexample processes in the form of a flowchart or flow diagram. However,other operations that are not depicted can be incorporated in theexample processes that are schematically illustrated. For example, oneor more additional operations can be performed before, after,simultaneously, or between any of the illustrated operations. In somecircumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.Moreover, the separation of various system components in theimplementations described above should not be understood as requiringsuch separation in all implementations, and it should be understood thatthe described program components and systems can generally be integratedtogether in a single software product or packaged into multiple softwareproducts.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for wireless communication performed bya wireless communication device, comprising: determining, for each toneof a plurality of tones of a signal for transmission, a phase rotationbased on a carrier index range associated with said each tone and abandwidth mode for transmission of the signal; applying the determinedphase rotations to respective tones of the plurality of tones; andtransmitting the signal based on the application of the phase rotationsto the plurality of tones of the signal, wherein the bandwidth mode is acontiguous 160 MHz mode, wherein the determination of the phaserotations based on the carrier index ranges is according to:$\gamma_{k,160} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 192}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{1,} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- 1},} & {64 \leq k}\end{matrix},} \right.$ and wherein k comprises a carrier index valueand γ_(k,160) represents the k^(th) phase rotation of the phaserotations.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method furthercomprises applying a selected multiplier value of a plurality ofmultiplier values to each tone of the plurality of tones that fallswithin the carrier index range, and wherein said each tone of theplurality of tones that falls within the carrier index range ispre-extremely high throughput (pre-EHT) modulated.
 3. The method ofclaim 2, wherein the carrier index range comprises an upper 80 MHz ofthe bandwidth mode.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the phaserotations are determined without considering preamble puncturing for thetransmitted signal.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determination ofthe phase rotations is based on one or more front end bandwidths used totransmit the signal.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the phaserotations are determined without considering front end bandwidths usedto transmit the signal.
 7. A method for wireless communication performedby a wireless communication device, comprising: determining, for eachtone of a plurality of tones of a signal for transmission, a phaserotation based on a carrier index range associated with said each toneand a bandwidth mode for transmission of the signal; applying thedetermined phase rotations to respective tones of the plurality oftones; and transmitting the signal based on the application of the phaserotations to the plurality of tones of the signal, wherein the bandwidthmode is a 320 MHz mode, wherein the determination of the phase rotationsbased on the carrier index ranges is according to:$\gamma_{k,320} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 448}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 448} \leq k < {- 256}} \\{\rho_{1,320},} & {{- 256} \leq k < {- 192}} \\{{- \rho_{1,320}},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{\rho_{2,320},} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- \rho_{2,320}},} & {64 \leq k < 256} \\{\rho_{3,320},} & {256 \leq k < 320} \\{{- \rho_{3,320}},} & {320 \leq k}\end{matrix},} \right.$ and wherein ρ comprises a multiplier value to beapplied to each tone of the plurality of tones that falls within thecorresponding range of carrier indices, k comprises a carrier indexvalue, and γ_(k,320) represents the k^(th) phase rotation of the phaserotations.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein ρ_(0,320)=1, and wherein|ρ_(1,320)|=|ρ_(2,320)|=|ρ_(3,320)|=1.
 9. The method of claim 7, furthercomprising applying a selected multiplier value of a plurality ofmultiplier values to each tone of the plurality of tones that fallswithin the carrier index range, and wherein said each tone of theplurality of tones that falls within the carrier index range ispre-extremely high throughput (pre-EHT) modulated.
 10. The method ofclaim 7, wherein the phase rotations are determined without consideringpreamble puncturing for the transmitted signal.
 11. The method of claim7, wherein determination of the phase rotations is based on one or morefront end bandwidths used to transmit the signal.
 12. The method ofclaim 7, wherein the phase rotations are determined without consideringfront end bandwidths used to transmit the signal.
 13. A wirelesscommunication device comprising: at least one modem; at least oneprocessor communicatively coupled with the at least one modem; and atleast one memory communicatively coupled with the at least one processorand storing processor-readable code that, when executed by the at leastone processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, is configuredto: determine, for each tone of a plurality of tones of a signal fortransmission, a phase rotation based on a carrier index range associatedwith said each tone and a bandwidth mode for transmission of the signal;apply the determined phase rotations to respective tones of theplurality of tones; and transmit the signal based on the application ofthe phase rotations to the plurality of tones of the signal, wherein thebandwidth mode is a contiguous 160 MHz mode, wherein the determinationof the phase rotations based on the carrier index ranges is accordingto: $\gamma_{k,160} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 192}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{1,} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- 1},} & {64 \leq k}\end{matrix},} \right.$ and wherein k comprises a carrier index valueand γ_(k,160) represents the k^(th) phase rotation of the phaserotations.
 14. The wireless communication device of claim 13, whereinexecution of the processor-readable code further causes the wirelesscommunication device to apply a selected multiplier value of a pluralityof multiplier values to each tone of the plurality of tones that fallswithin the carrier index range, and wherein said each tone of theplurality of tones that falls within the carrier index range ispre-extremely high throughput (pre-EHT) modulated.
 15. The wirelesscommunication device of claim 14, wherein the carrier index rangecomprises an upper 80 MHz of the bandwidth mode.
 16. The wirelesscommunication device of claim 13, wherein the phase rotations aredetermined without considering preamble puncturing for the transmittedsignal.
 17. The wireless communication device of claim 13, whereindetermination of the phase rotations is based on one or more front endbandwidths used to transmit the signal.
 18. The wireless communicationdevice of claim 13, wherein the phase rotations are determined withoutconsidering front end bandwidths used to transmit the signal.
 19. Awireless communication device comprising: at least one modem; at leastone processor communicatively coupled with the at least one modem; andat least one memory communicatively coupled with the at least oneprocessor and storing processor-readable code that, when executed by theat least one processor in conjunction with the at least one modem, isconfigured to: determine, for each tone of a plurality of tones of asignal for transmission, a phase rotation based on a carrier index rangeassociated with said each tone and a bandwidth mode for transmission ofthe signal; apply the determined phase rotations to respective tones ofthe plurality of tones; and transmit the signal based on the applicationof the phase rotations to the plurality of tones of the signal, whereinthe bandwidth mode is a 320 MHz mode, wherein the determination of thephase rotations based on the carrier index ranges is according to:$\gamma_{k,320} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{1,} & {k < {- 448}} \\{{- 1},} & {{- 448} \leq k < {- 256}} \\{\rho_{1,320},} & {{- 256} \leq k < {- 192}} \\{{- \rho_{1,320}},} & {{- 192} \leq k < 0} \\{\rho_{2,320},} & {0 \leq k < 64} \\{{- \rho_{2,320}},} & {64 \leq k < 256} \\{\rho_{3,320},} & {256 \leq k < 320} \\{{- \rho_{3,320}},} & {320 \leq k}\end{matrix},} \right.$ and wherein ρ comprises a multiplier value to beapplied to each tone of the plurality of tones that falls within thecorresponding range of carrier indices, k comprises a carrier indexvalue, and γ_(k,320) represents the k^(th) phase rotation of the phaserotations.
 20. The wireless communication device of claim 19, whereinρ_(0,320)=1, and wherein |ρ_(1,320)|=|ρ_(2,320)|=|ρ_(3,320)|=1.
 21. Thewireless communication device of claim 19, wherein execution of theprocessor-readable code further causes the wireless communication deviceto apply a selected multiplier value of a plurality of multiplier valuesto each tone of the plurality of tones that falls within the carrierindex range, and wherein said each tone of the plurality of tones thatfalls within the carrier index range is pre-extremely high throughput(pre-EHT) modulated.
 22. The wireless communication device of claim 19,wherein the phase rotations are determined without considering preamblepuncturing for the transmitted signal.
 23. The wireless communicationdevice of claim 19, wherein determination of the phase rotations isbased on one or more front end bandwidths used to transmit the signal.24. The wireless communication device of claim 19, wherein the phaserotations are determined without considering front end bandwidths usedto transmit the signal.